Comment Analysis · Docket FS-2025-0001

FS-2025-0001-594443

Neutral / unclearA1 strongSubstance 12/24Owed an answerPosted October 6, 2026 On Regulations.gov

In short: The comment establishes that the Modoc Nation requests the final rule and Record of Decision guarantee specific procedural protections, including government-to-government consultation, avoidance of cultural sites, and tribal-directed treatment of artifacts, citing Section 106 of NHPA, EO 13175, NAGPRA, and ARPA.

Scored directly — The comment's whole text was scored on its own.

Scorecard

Each dimension is scored 0–3; the eight sum to the substance score out of 24.

  • Specific placeNames a specific location — from a region down to an exact creek, trail, road, or map reference.
  • Local knowledgeDraws on a first-hand connection to the place — visits, sustained activity, occupation, or a professional role.
  • EA analysisEngages the agency's environmental analysis directly.
  • Analytical gapIdentifies something the analysis fails to address.
  • EvidenceBacks claims with specific facts, data, or research.
  • RequestMakes a specific, actionable request of the agency.
  • AlternativeProposes a different course of action.
  • LegalCites statutes, regulations, or legal obligations.

How hard it is to set aside

A1 strong: Must be answered — it names the law.

Owed an answer on Legal.

Standard dismissals it defeats

  • Already addressed The agency says its analysis already covers the point. Defeated when the comment cites the law itself: there is no analysis to cite against a statutory claim.
  • Misreads the proposal The agency says the comment misunderstands what is proposed. Defeated when the comment engages the proposal or a named place directly.
  • No cause and effect shown The agency says the comment asserts a harm without showing how the action causes it. Defeated when the comment shows the mechanism.
  • Outside the scope The agency says the comment asks about a different action. Defeated when the comment is specific and tied to this proposal.
  • Certified not substantive The agency certifies the comment raises nothing substantive. Defeated when the comment alleges illegality, which is substantive by the definition the certification runs on.

Still open to the agency

  • Alternative already eliminated The agency says it considered and eliminated the alternative the comment proposes, with a reason. Cannot be defeated from the comment text alone.
  • Deferred to a later decision The agency says the point belongs to a later, site-specific decision. Cannot be defeated from the comment text alone.
  • Not required The agency says the analysis the comment asks for is not required. Cannot be defeated from the comment text alone.
  • Preference noted The agency notes the comment as a statement of preference and takes no action on it. Cannot be defeated from the comment text alone.

Topics

  • Cultural Heritage Indigenous
    • “Roadless areas are some of the least surveyed lands... They hold cultural sites, burials, and traditional use areas”
    • “A road built without talking to us first can destroy something that cannot be replaced”
    • “Reporting and treatment of artifacts, sites, and ancestral remains in the way the affected tribe directs”
    • “Cultural surveys completed before decisions are made, with sensitive site locations kept confidential”
  • Tribal Sovereignty
    • “Meaningful government-to-government consultation with affected tribal nations before any road construction”
    • “consistent with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (36 CFR Part 800) and Executive Order 13175”
    • “Tribal cultural monitors present during ground-disturbing work, when a tribe requests them”
    • “We mean real meetings, held early, where tribal input can still shape the route and design of a project”
  • Forest Management Wildfire
    • “Many of our national forests are overgrown, and that overgrowth puts forests, wildlife, and communities at risk”
    • “Active management, and the access it sometimes requires, can be part of restoring that relationship”
    • “We do not come in opposition to caring for the forest”

What it names

Law cited
36 CFR Part 800Executive Order 13175

The comment

Shaded passages are the ones the analysis quoted as evidence for a dimension: Specific placeLocal knowledgeEA analysisAnalytical gapEvidenceRequestAlternativeLegal

My name is Audrey McGaughey, and I serve as the Tribal Historic Preservation Officer for the Modoc Nation. Our ancestral homelands in northeastern California and south-central Oregon include lands now managed as National Forest, and our people remain connected to those places today. The Modoc Nation wants to work with the Forest Service. We say that first because it is the heart of this comment. We understand why changes to the Roadless Rule are being considered. Many of our national forests are overgrown, and that overgrowth puts forests, wildlife, and communities at risk. Our people have always understood that land needs people. For generations, our ancestors tended these landscapes, and that relationship between people and the land is what kept them healthy. Active management, and the access it sometimes requires, can be part of restoring that relationship. We do not come in opposition to caring for the forest. What we ask is that this work be done in good faith, and with us. Roadless areas are some of the least surveyed lands in the National Forest System. They hold cultural sites, burials, and traditional use areas that have never been recorded. A road built without talking to us first can destroy something that cannot be replaced. A road planned with us can often go around it. That is the kind of practical problem-solving we want to do together. We respectfully ask that the final rule and Record of Decision guarantee the following: Meaningful government-to-government consultation with affected tribal nations before any road construction or ground disturbance is approved in a current roadless area. We mean real meetings, held early, where tribal input can still shape the route and design of a project, consistent with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (36 CFR Part 800) and Executive Order 13175. A commitment to avoidance first. Where a cultural site is identified, the agency and the tribe work together to route around it or find a better way before any other option is considered. Tribal cultural monitors present during ground-disturbing work, when a tribe requests them. Reporting and treatment of artifacts, sites, and ancestral remains in the way the affected tribe directs. Tribes know how we wish our ancestors and our places to be respected, and those protocols should guide the work, alongside NAGPRA and ARPA. Cultural surveys completed before decisions are made, with sensitive site locations kept confidential. Please do not be afraid to reach out. We are willing to talk, we are willing to meet, and we want to get things done. It is an honor to work alongside our federal partners, and we would much rather build that partnership than stand on opposite sides. Good consultation makes for better projects, healthier forests, and stronger relationships for everyone. Sepk'eec'a, Audrey McGaughey Tribal Historic Preservation Officer, Modoc Nation

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